European Labour Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

European Labor Market - Essay Example The exactly put together examinations concentrate with respect to the developmental models or on the board writing which underline on the value seriousness and the portions of the fare showcase as a significant device in the examination of the commitment of the techniques actuated in the adjusting of the expenses and profitability (Aiginger, 2004). The paper will concentrate on various parts of the joblessness of the Sweden and different strategy suggestions from 1970s till date with the assistance of different monetary speculations. Joblessness in Europe from the times of 1970s The sharp decrease in the joblessness expanded radically over the globe with the accident of the Bretton Woods arrangement of fixed trade rates. In any case, in contrast to numerous territories of the world, joblessness in a few European nations has stayed away forever back to the low levels during the Golden Age after the Second World War. The joblessness in the European Union is a significant issue. The Eur o zone individuals experienced elevated levels of joblessness rates and it expanded quickly in the mid 1970s in corresponding to the union of a coordinated economy and its size and the unpredictability has been drawing closer as that of the USA which presents a sharp differentiation (Nixson and Artis, 2007, p. 354). The in-your-face clarification which holds this up is that the development of the industrialized economies turned out to be substantially more flimsy and got defenseless against visit stuns which incorporate oil value stuns or the conversion standard variances from the time of 1970 onwards. The nations with the adaptable work showcase rules, for example, humble joblessness benefits, light business assurance enactment and a low level of association power which are utilized in the administration of the assimilation of these stuns with a much quickened pace with the correlation with other unbending organizations . The improvement in the quantity of the jobless in Europe can be credited to the cooperation among stuns and foundations. However, it has likewise been experienced regularly that broad joblessness benefits create the issue of good danger where the laborers get fragmentary insurance against joblessness and they are more averse to look through employments. Individuals studded with solid hard working attitudes will think that its hard to depend on the advantages without effectively paying special mind to employments while the others attempt to stay on the advantages as far as might be feasible. Along these lines the normal qualities in a nation affect the size of the ethical risk issue and consequently on the expense of giving liberal joblessness benefits. Desires will be on the nations where the laborers by and large forces a more vulnerable hard working attitude so as to have a lower ‘replacement ratio’ which is the degree of advantages comparative with compensation (Michau, 2009, p. 14). The business rate is the quantity of the a ll out utilized and the independently employed populace of the working age. In the mid 1960s the EU 15 the work proportion was higher than that of the USA yet it fell during the 1970s however got pace in the 1990 with falling strongly with the downturn of 2008-2009 ( El-Agraa, 2011 p.373). Lately protectors of the European social model suggested that free enterprise increased by a liberal and interventionist government assistance state which have taken the adulating to Scandinavia to a soar level. The Nordic

Full Metal Jacket

Which means and reason can be characterized relying upon the peruser and the creator that is characterizing it. The significance and reason for any type of writing is the primary concern of the bit of work, why it was made and what the writer needs the peruser to comprehend or get from their work. Concerning the film Full Metal Jacket, the executive, Stanley Kubrick, needed to have a blend of satire just as a feeling of acknowledgment with regards to a trooper turning into a marine and the stuff to be one.The characters all through the film each show an alternate method of nderstanding and managing the issues that they needed to rapidly survive. Full Metal Jacket is a film that shows the various jobs and phases of the marines that were positioned in the Vietnam War. The primary portion of the film had an engaging method of demonstrating the crowd how they were prepared and how they discovered that they were to be sure â€Å"born to kill†. The principle reason for the initial s egment of the film was to show the crowd what the officers needed to experience first so as to make it as a marine.It must be a hard just as to some degree ruthless and groundbreaking experience n request for them to be prepared to turn into the slaughtering machines that they had to be. The progressions that the characters have indicated make the second 50% of the film totally different as far as their mentalities, what each warrior saw as good and bad, just as the occasions that happen all through the film. This piece of Full Metal Jacket was outfitted more towards the real Vietnam War and uncovered the reasons with respect to why they needed to get unfeeling in a manner during their training.Throughout the course of the war, a portion of the officers gradually sneaked out f their mental stability and become heartless executioners so as to endure themselves. Every marine in Full Metal Jacket must have the option to demonstrate that they were commendable enough to take on specific hindrances in the primary portion of the film, for example, passionate and mental right of passage. Stanley Kubrick made a point to consolidate however much of the preliminaries as could be expected inside the main portion of the film so as to show the crowd how much work each fighter needed to place into the start of their Journey into turning into a marine.If they couldn't assume responsibility for the pace of right of passage they got it would be viewed as an eakness, in this way demonstrating they are not prepared for the war. For instance, Pyle who was a fighter that as overweight ungainly and moderate witted, couldn't take the pressure and badgering that accompanied the preparation of turning into a marine and he was unable to bear the shame that was tossed at him each time he accomplished something incorrectly, which thus caused him to choose to end it all just as murder Gunnery Sergeant Hartman, the drill teacher who prepares the enlisted people so as to transform them into marines.Gunnery Sergeant Hartman appeared to have caused ll of the indignation and dissatisfaction that Pyle needed to experience, hence Pyle's activities demonstrated to the crowd and to the marines that were included, that not every person can make it as a marine and may wind up losing their rational soundness over it. The general purpose of permitting the crowd to see this is to strengthen the degree of development that would be required to completely comprehend the difficulties that accompanies being a marine.The first 50% of Full Metal Jacket for the most part centers around how much an individual can take while getting ready for war, being in war, and realizing the proper behavior and respond to specific issues and saw all through the film. In The Green Berets, Sargent Peterson, a Special Forces sergeant, immediately understood that he expected to ensure that Hamchunk, a destitute Vietnamese youngster, was protected and all around represented when their base was being assaulte d. This snappy type of activity shows the crowd that he was very much prepared and knew precisely what to do and when to do it.Full Metal Jacket uncovered different methods of drawing out a characters feeling of development and accordingly had an alternate viewpoint contrasted with that scene, and fundamentally the whole film of The Green Berets. Full Metal Jacket was intended to make the crowd totally comprehend hy the fighters needed to experience preparing the way that they did. Everything meets up once the crowd witnesses firsthand what can when a fighter loses his concentration or isn't completely arranged for what may happen next.The arrangement of occasions that occurs during the second 50% of the film could represent the deciding moment any individual who may not be sufficiently intense to bear the entirety of the antagonism. Full Metal Jacket should be an eye opener and should cause a feeling of acknowledgment for the crowd. In the scene where Doc Jay and Eight Ball, two ex ceptionally fearless marines, were being assaulted by a niper, Animal Mother, an extreme marine, did all that he could consider doing so as to attempt to spare his perishing companions, despite the fact that he realized that there was no way of their survival.Regardless, Animal Mother went out alone, against his immediate requests, to attempt to discover the expert sharpshooter and murder her in reprisal. Truly, he was unable to do only it, he called the remainder of the fighters to attempt to follow her down. When they discovered her, they shot her, caused her to languish in torment over a smidgen and afterward executed her. In an ordinary world, doing these activities would appear to be awful and Just not right, yet because of beneficiary past preparing and unexpected assault from this lady, the troopers had to kill this lady and left her there.This kind of activity or counter implements the good or indecency that ties in inside the film. Killing the expert sharpshooter, particula rly her being a lady, opens up an increasingly captivating method of the crowd socially investigating the circumstance. Causing the crowd to choose whether or not killing her and permitting her to endure was adequate or difficult to acknowledge because of her being a lady. With respect to the officers, this choice was made effectively and as the marksman as setting down misery, the crowd could without much of a stretch see the responses that every marine made, indicating their various perspectives on their day by day lives.Each warrior had their own ethics and qualities contrasted with different fighters. Clearly, each fighter has his own character which welcomes an alternate point of view toward what it is that they need to do, and how they should do it. Each officer must satisfy their main goal, and do what they are told to do. In Full Metal Jacket, the officers appeared to have comparative qualities, and appear to have been raised or prepared indistinguishably. Due o the main por tion of the film where they had been prepared to know and love their rifles and to be prepared to shoot and execute whatever was not viewed as one of them..Every trooper realized what they needed to do and they were all agreeable when it came to murdering the adversary and conceivably relinquishing themselves all the while. In contrast to Full Metal Jacket, in the film Platoon, Sometimes the officers take their principle wellspring of duty and control it. For example, a portion of the officers took a little youngster from the town that they dominated and attempted to assault her so as to fulfill their ersonal needs, until Chris, the fundamental character just as the marine who chose to individual and ought not be assaulted Just on account of her sad circumstances.This scene indicated the crowd how a few fighters will have an inappropriate mindset because of their current boisterous ways of life, while different warriors know and recollect their privileges and wrongs from â€Å"back home† with regards to doing things that they can by and by control. Full Metal Jacket appeared to have been made for the crowd to see and comprehend the difficulties and snags that each officer needs to o through start from his preparation right through his real fght in the war.The crowd should learn and start to see how the fighters should be prepared with the end goal for them to make it during the war, or so as to recognize what to do to help whoever is straightforwardly connected with the war. Stanley Kubrick needed to open up the eyes of the â€Å"outside world† and permit individuals to acknowledge what every marine needs to experience and their motivation for turning into a marine. They are not generally making the rounds attempting to assault and murder each lady they experience just as assuming control over everything that they see. There is a procedure that each trooper must experience so as to make it where they have to be.Full Metal Jacket contrasted with P latoon and The Green Berets makes the crowd see the two sides of a fighters' life while the other two motion pictures possibly show the second 50% of the warriors' life when he is prepared and in the combat zone. The other two motion pictures don't show how the troopers came up to where they are presently, it uncovers just what they have just achieved inside themselves, and they as of now have their own perspectives on life relying upon the measure of negative arrangement of occasions that they have experienced. Full Metal Jacket has more than one importance, and more than one purpose.Stanley Kubrick needed to ensure that the crowd had the option to decipher and reclaim with them the battles and the accomplishments of a marine. The stuff to get one and the stuff to stay one consistently during the hardships of being in a war. Because of that, the film appeared as though it ought to have been two separate motion pictures, which makes it interesting, contrasted with The Green Berets a nd Platoon where every film depended exclusively on the war. Albeit, every one of the three films indicated the various types of ttitudes that advanced into a marine as they each developed or turned into an alternate individual while being a piece of the war.Some characters demonstrated feeling while some didn't show any feeling whatsoever, showing the various degrees of development that every marine must have. Showing the various feelings was intended to permit the crowd to see the war in various perspectives dependent on specific marines in the motion pictures. Full Metal Jacket permitted the crowd to watch the marines as they advanced from survey things in various manners. In any case, the film should be a feeling of acknowledgment and know

You Are LUSCIOUS

You Are LUSCIOUS Ayush wrote: How about a Clown Parade around the MIT campus? That might strike as perfect after circus school and this show. Haha, I dont think other MIT students have the extensive circus training I have been lucky enough to receive. You didnt mean for me to parade by myself, did you?! Aliza wrote: I love your blog name and the subtitle. I didnt actually read your entry and hope you wont take offense. None taken. If you do, well never meet so its no big loss. Anywho Actually Im not quite sure why I commented. MIT keeps sending me junkmail so I looked at their site. Do you have any idea what Im supposed to look at, exactly? It always struck me as a tad odd that I should be getting to know a college, especially through the internet. Thats fair. Immediately from the packaging of the mail/website, you can get an idea for the vibe of each college. The colors, graphics, and images provide an impression of life here, which may help you decide if you like the lifestyle. Believe it or not, people sit on committees that design these publications fonts, formats, etc. and strive to make each aspect of them representative of some slice of MIT. Secondly, the content of MIT multimedia hopefully helps answer your questions. At different stages of the process, you will be deciding what schools to apply to, how to fill out your application, and eventually, how to decide which school to attend. At each stage, a schools website and print media should anticipate and address your questions. Does this school have an architecture major? Binding early application process? Jazz band? Mandatory meal plan? Foreign language requirement? If the MIT website doesnt answer these questions, it hopefully serves as a bridge to connect you to resources or people that can. Some of those people can be the student bloggers. These weblogs are here to begin to capture for you what MIT student life is like. The bloggers attributes cut across sex, major, hometown, dorm, ethnicity, personality type, and blogging style quite broadly. When you aggregate us (and our blog entries), you begin to build a tapestry of what your MIT experience might be like. An extra feature is that they allow you to comment and question (like you did earlier), to get responses from MIT admissions officers and students. I think MIT is very open, friendly, interactive, hands-on, and collaborative, and the blogs extend that to prospective students. The print and web content is, however, not meant to replace visiting MIT and experiencing its culture first-hand. If you can, come to campus for a visit/tour/overnight/meal especially if you are an admitted student who is deciding between schools. The crackling intensity (as MyMIT refers to it) of this school is hard to trap into two (or three or four) dimensions. Good question. Keep them coming. JKim wrote: I definitely walked by Teatro ZinZanni this morning! Actually, we drive by every morning before work, but this morning my sister and I went to the Farmers Market at the World Trade Center, bought some fruits, and then walked all the way down to Ghirardelli Square. Nice. Yesterday, I went to the farmers market at the Ferry Building and found some fresh raspberries. Theres something similar in Boston called Haymarket, near Government Center/Quincy Market/Faneuil Hall; they have tons of fresh fruits, vegetables, fish, and cheeses. I usually walk there if the weather is nice, but have to take the subway back since I end up carrying so much stuff. - Later on Saturday, I went to Cafe Gratitude in Berkeley Their menu has dishes with names like I AM MAGICAL Six cremini mushrooms stuffed with sprouted sunflower seed-walnut p??t? ©, sprinkled with Brazil nut parmesan I AM DIVINE Chilled creamy carrot avocado soup with hot chilies, basil and a touch of mint I AM INSIGHTFUL Two spinach wrapped samosas filled with almond sesame seed p??t? © and marinated veggies, comes with spicy fresh mint dipping sauce So when you order, you say, Ill have the I am divine. When they bring the dish, they present it with a flourish and announce, You are DIVINE. I ordered the I am luscious and the person I went with ordered the I am delicious. As the waitress put his smoothie down on the table, she told him, You are DELICIOUS, and she is LUSCIOUS. Its almost like we paid them to say that. except we did.

An Analysis of Financial and Business Performance of Indus...

Oxford Brookes University Research and Analysis Report [pic] An analysis of financial and business performance of Indus Motor Company Limited Prepared by: Murtaza Yunus Marvi (1270201) Dated: 26 Sep 2008 Word Count: 6496 Table of Contents CONTENTS PAGE NUMBERS PART 1: Project objectives and overall research approach Reason for choosing the topic 1 Reasons for choosing the company 1 Automobile Industry in Pakistan 1 The Company 2 Objectives of the Project 3 Research Questions 3 Overall research approach 3 PART 2: Information gathering and†¦show more content†¦It will also help me improve my analytical skills needed in performing audit of different clients. Reasons for choosing the company Amongst various industries of the country, I chose the automobile industry for the research purpose as it has grown tremendously during the last few years. The government attaches great importance to the growth and development of the industry, as it is a key driver of economic growth, technology transfer and a creator of jobs. Having made the decision regarding choice of the industry, I selected Indus Motor Company Limited (IMC) due to the reason that in 2007 it had become the major automobile manufacturer as well as a significant contributor to the economy of Pakistan. The company has good reputation in the market and owns the highest market share in the high segment (1300cc and above) of the industry. Obtaining information for this company was comparatively easier than its competitors. Automobile Industry in Pakistan The automotive industry rightly prides itself on being recognized as the â€Å"mother of all industries.† It is the industry that is involved in the design, development, manufacture, marketing, and sale of motor vehicles. The roots of the automobile industry in Pakistan dates back to the post independence days (1949) when General Motors (USA) first exported 500 cars and 600 trucks to Pakistan, and later on setting up an assembly plant at Karachi in 1953 for Bedford trucks and Vauxhall cars.Show MoreRelatedThe Market Plan: Indus Motor Company Limited 5659 Words   |  23 Pages The Market Plan Indus Motor Company Ltd. Indus Motor Company Ltd. Azeem Danish Student ID: A4042710 Azeem Danish Student ID: A4042710 Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary 2 2. Introduction 2 3. Business Mission 2 4. External Marketing Audit Macro Environment 3 4.1 PEEST ANALYSIS 4 4.2 Micro Environment 6 4.2.1 Overall Market 6 5. Internal Marketing Audit 8 5.1 Operating results 8 5.2 Strategic issues analysis 8 5.3 Marketing mix effectiveness 9 5.4 MarketingRead MoreTata Motors Swot Analysis7302 Words   |  30 PagesMANAGEMENT PROJECT SWOT AND STEEPLED ANALYSIS OF TATA MOTORS BY: Kosuru Sai Malleswar (SC09B093) Dhruti Ranjan Gaan (SC09B017) Kshitiz Sinha (SC09B125) Kumar Harshit (SC09B144) L. Deepak (SC09B074) 1|Page TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................................................. 3 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................Read MoreOBU ACCA BSC Hons RAP on Topic 8 - The Business and Financial Performance of an Organization over a three year period8767 Words   |  36 PagesResearch and Analysis Project 1 Were committed to providing 100% plagiarism free academic assignments i.e. Course work, Homework assignments, thesis, dissertations, HND/HNC Business assignments, Oxford Brookes (OBU) BSC Hons Applied Accounting ACCA Thesis (RAP, SLS, PPT), Essays and Term/Research papers etc. Pay in instalments and that too after you receive the first draft. 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The Procedural Law And Criminal Justice - 2979 Words

In its quest for a just and fair trial of an accused, CJS in India not only guarantees certain safeguards to, and confers a set of rights — constitutional and statutory - on an accused but also rigorously implements, with utmost zeal for reformation and re-socialisation of offenders, its penal system. However, it does not exhibit its equal concern to victims of crime when it comes to re-compensating them for the loss incurred or physical, mental or emotional `injury sustained by them. There is neither a comprehensive legislation nor a well-designed statutory scheme or a policy statement in India either allowing a crime victim to seek compensation from offender and/or State or to participate. as a matter of right, in the CJDS and†¦show more content†¦3.1.1 Compensating victims of crime: Existing legislative spirit and scheme A careful glance at the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC), reveals a legislative scheme, though fragmentary, for compensating victims of crime. It, by virtue of provisions of Sections 357, 421 and 431 contained therein, empowers a criminal court, at its discretion, to award compensation to a victim of crime as well as to recover it and pay it to him. The Probation of Offenders Act, 1958 (POA), by virtue of provisions contained in its Section 5, also enables a trial court, though at its discretion, to compensate a person for loss or injury caused to him by commission of the offence and costs of the proceedings. In other words, the victim compensatory legislative scheme in India is, thus, constituted by the provisions of Sections 357, 421 and 431 of the CrPC and of Section 5 of the POA. 3.1.1.1. The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 Section 357, CrPC, empowers a criminal court imposing a sentence of fine or a sentence (including a sentence of death) of which fine forms a part at in its discretion inter alia, to order payment of compensation, out of the fine recovered, to a person for any loss or injury caused to him by the offence. Sub-section (1) of Section 357 empowers a criminal Court to appropriate the whole or any portion of the fine recovered for the

Rap Music Controversy Free Essays

Since rap music made its way to the music scene, it has been a topic of much dispute and argument. Rap music controversy seems to continuously grow parallel to the popularity of the music itself. People have been taking sides on the issue on whether rap music is proper or not — or if it is even to be considered as music in the first place. We will write a custom essay sample on Rap Music Controversy or any similar topic only for you Order Now It all started smooth at first, the music was whimsical with a little funny scratching sound in the background.Hip-hop music with its rhymes and wonderful low-frequency beat is the music everybody dances to on the dance floor. Some elders say it’s only a trend, just the kids singing (and dancing) their heart out, nothing serious about it. However, music evolves as younger generations create a unique beat from time to time. It’s as if every generation tries to define their identity with the music they create. Suddenly, The Old Rap, which frolicked more on the rhythm than the lyrics, begins to emerge into a new form.The drumbeats resounded with cramming break beats, crazier scratchings, and the biggest controversy of all — content totally shifted. The lyrics morphed into nasty, violent, and scandalous words; moms and dads listen with contempt and swear not to let their kids get an ear for that kind of music, or noise, as they will probably call it. On the other hand, youngsters found rap appealing and they love jamming to it madly. Rap music controversy escalated when Gangsta Rap was introduced to the world. The lyrics of so many songs talk about killing with the sounds of gun shots in the background.This level of rap was criticized because of its graphic sexual content and its promotion of violence. Explicit lyrics include talks about drugs and women are referred to with derogatory adjectives. Rap continues to evoke a clash of ideas and concepts between critics, who say rap music glorifies violence, and artists who are claiming their freedom to express themselves and tell their story. The main criterion for rap music controversy is the explicit lyrics and how they influence young people’s way of life and speech.Rap so often talks about drugs, alcohol, and violence to be norms in life. Another reason why rap music controversy heated up is with the issue regarding women. Women are degraded in the lyrics, many people view rap as anti-female. Rap music is known to promote racism, violence, and contempt for women. Rap artists talk about rape, assault, and sexual harassment as though they are okay. Some people, however, argue that rap can provide listeners with valuable information. Not all rap music shows profanity or express contempt.There are some rap artists who do not use hate language on their lyrics. There are many positive messages coming from lyrics of certain rappers like Nas, Mos Def, Black Eyed Peas, The Streets, and many other artists who prefer to keep their music clean and appropriate for everybody’s ears. Rap music controversy sprouts from content. Hopefully in the coming years, artists will become more thoughtful and use mindful words. If this happens, everyone will be amused and the rap music controversy dispute will eventually end. How to cite Rap Music Controversy, Papers

Introduction to Managements

Question: Discuss about theManagement Issue. Answer: Summary of the article When it comes to coming to office with sickness, most of the people heed to follow the advice of the doctors to stay at home. Brooks (2014) says that it is better to encourage people to stay at home when fallen sick in place of coming to office that hampers the productivity of others. Nowadays, certain diseases like Flu and viral fever spreads with coming in contact with a sick person. Hence, the article provides an overview of management issues in dealing with sick employees and encourages the management to motivate unfit employees to go for a sick leave (Brooks, 2014). Identified Management Issue It has been found through survey that employees coming to office with sickness and unfocused minds are unproductive for an organisation than a person taking leave for his sickness. Hence, it can be seen that managing sick employees has been a major issue in the current business scenario. Taking sick leaves may increase the pressure over the present employees, but it reduces the chances of healthy employees to fall sick. Therefore, Coleman (2012) identifies management of sick employees as a major management issue in the current days (Coleman, 2012). Application of Management Theory Henry Fayols Classical Management Theory can be effectively prescribed to solve such identified management issues. Classical Management Theory has put the emphasis on the overall structure of the workforce and provides critical decision-making suitable for the organisations productivity (Smith and Boyns, 2015). In the case of management issues such as controlling the attendance of sick employees, managers can identify the benefits of the theory to encourage the sick human resources to stay at home. The Classical Management Theory has provided authority, discipline and unity of direction to control the overall productivity of an organisation. By applying the authorised right, managers should ask sick employees to take leave so that other employees job and health will not be affected. Also, such informal agreements with the sick staffs must be encouraged so that sick staffs will understand the benefits of staying at home in case of health issues (Bush, 2015). Thus, the theory can provi de the solution to the issue without any inconvenience. References Brooks, C. (2014).Sick Workers Getting Better at Staying Home. [online] Business News Daily. Bush, T. (2015). Understanding instructional leadership.Educational Management Administration Leadership, 43(4), pp.487-489. Coleman, M. (2012). Leadership and Diversity.Educational Management Administration Leadership, 40(5), pp.592-609. Smith, I. and Boyns, T. (2015). British management theory and practice: the impact of Fayol.Management Decision, 43(10), pp.1317-1334.

Stanley Kowalski Essay Example

Stanley Kowalski Paper During the late nineteen-forties, it was common for playwrights such as Tennessee Williams to use symbolism as an approach to convey personal thoughts, through the attitudes of the characters and the setting. Williams actors have used symbolism to disguise the actuality of their thoughts and to accommodate the needs of their conservative audience. A Streetcar Named Desire has a few complicated character traits and themes. Therefore, they have to be symbolised using figures or images to express abstract and mystical ideas, so that the viewers can remain clueless. Williams not only depicts a clear personality of the actors but he also includes real-life public opinions from the past (some of which are contemporary. ) These opinions were likely to raise controversies on issues such as prejudice, social gender expectations and men and womens roles in society. There have been numerous occasions when symbolism has taken place in A Streetcar Named Desire. Firstly, Stanley is insulted several times by Blanche (his sister-in-law) Stella (his beloved wife) and other residents of the Quarter. For example, the term animal has been constantly spoken of, to define Stanleys malicious and ill-natured conduct. In scene four, Blanche tries to persuade her younger sister to go elsewhere and leave her husband. On page 163, she complains: Blanche: He acts like an animal, has an animals habits! Eats like one, talks like one! Theres even something sub-human something not quite to the stage of humanity yet! Yes, something ape-like about him there he is Stanley Kowalski Bearing the raw meat home from the kill in the jungle! We will write a custom essay sample on Stanley Kowalski specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Stanley Kowalski specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Stanley Kowalski specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Furthermore, when the play begins, Stanley enters the ground-floor apartment carrying a red stained package from a butchers. Stanley: Catch! Stella: What? Stanley: Meat! From these two brief extracts, the keynote is that the red meat is a symbol used to show Stanleys bestial attitude, which is also in another of Blanches dialogues: Blanche: Theres something downright bestial about him! The image Blanche creates of Stanley (him being an animal an ape) is coincidental to the fact that she is actually describing her brother-in-law, throwing red meat to his wife in an unacceptable fashion. We know that Blanche had not been present, at the time of the event. This clearly proves that Stanleys bad actions are so obvious, even other characters in the play can predict his actions. It is just like saying a tiger arrives at his habitat with red meat and feeds his cubs, similar to what any other animal would do. Basically, Stanley tossing the pack of meat at his wife could symbolise that he is not a normal human being! He is an animal, a caveman, or even a madman, as Blanche prefers calling him! (Page 158) Blanche: In my opinion? Youre married to a madman! However, the red-stained package might mean something completely different. Perhaps the playwright is symbolising a new entry; trying to describe an early impression of Stanley. The colour red could suggest a hot, passionate and sexy character, who does not care about manners as long as sex and women are always there for him. On the other hand, maybe the word stained is telling us that Stanley is dirty. Package may mean an arrival. Altogether, the red-stained package could mean the arrival of a disgusting but good-looking man. Many interpretations have been given here and symbolism depends on what the audience believes it be. The use of animalistic symbols is repeated, just as Blanche arrives at Elysian Fields. We are given an early suspicion of her unusual and strange sense in clothing. Narrator: Her delicate beauty must avoid a strong light. There is something about her uncertain manner, as well as her white clothes, that suggests a moth. Mentioning the light, we know that Blanche is a fragile and sensitive young lady. Another hint is that she has a fear for strong light; something which will shine over the truth and reveal it to all. The Chinese lantern is an important symbol, which Blanche uses to cover up her appearance. Actually, the playwright uses it to show secrecy and that Blanche is hiding from the outside world. The fact that Blanche is wearing white clothes tells us that she wants a fresh start, because the colour white symbolises purity. Virginity for a woman is just as important. It should be saved for the right man at the right time, which followed the conventions of the period the play was written in. Here we have two contradictory facts which, if combined, could mean the same thing; by wearing such a genuine and formal outfit, Blanche could be trying to fool her audience into thinking that she is untainted a virgin. In other words, she may want to wipe out her past and start fresh. An unlikely (though possible) prediction to the phrase, suggests a moth, could be the alliteration between the words myth and moth. On one side of the story, the playwright may be experimenting with a butterfly-like creature, demonstrating an innocent Blanche to the audience. Opposed to this, he might be giving signs that her white clothes (virginity) suggest there were myths (stories) at one time, concerning Blanche. We will never know for definite, what Williams is really trying to transmit, though he is definitely sending some sort of a hidden message here! We discover the truth in scene four. Sexuality is a huge theme in this play, yet to discuss. Another major symbol used by Williams, is the streetcar the title of the play, itself. While Blanche confronts Stella about the previous night (the poker night), she explains to her enthusiastically that the relationship Stella has with Stanley, is merely infatuation. There is a constant repetition of Blanches hatred and disgust for Stanley, throughout the script. Blanche: What you are talking about is brutal desire just Desire! the name of that rattle-trap street-car that bangs through the Quarter, up one old narrow street and down another Stella: Havent you ever ridden on that street-car? Blanche: It brought me here where Im not wanted and where Im ashamed to be In this selection the rattle-trap streetcar named Desire, might represent Stanley, while the Quarter may represent Stella. In my opinion, Blanche is really implying that Stanley is the typical, careless husband who has most probably slept with (bangs) many young ladies (up one old narrow street and down another. ) He has had many one-night-stands and, informally, could be called a player! This is a term used in modern day English, but during the nineteen-forties, the alternative would be a rogue. Another suggestion to the quote, up one old narrow street and down another, could be the description of the movement made, whilst practising sexual intercourse as we know this is done in and out or up and down! Following Blanches quotation, Stella retorts a defensive question, actually referring to the streetcar named Desire, which Blanche has just described. She may be trying to allude to the fact that Blanche had once been in the same shoes as her riding on the same streetcar and having a desire for sex and man. Of course, this does not mean having had a number of intimacies with strangers. To Stella, Stanley and only Stanley, is one important man in her life. Stella could also be referring to Blanches virginity. After reading this page again, I have had second thoughts. I am still unsure, as this extract is very ambiguous. Personally, I think Stella is asking her elder sister whether or not she is a virgin but then again, this is subject to the audience and what choices they might make over the speech. Ironically, the audience may even interpret this speech to be an indication of the fact that Blanches history involved prostitution and she had had plenty of affairs with various men. This information is fully discovered later, but at this early stage, Williams uses a phallic symbol to signal the theme of sexuality. The streetcar also personifies the following understandings: Reproductive power, by symbolically and indirectly relating to a phallus. The statement bangs through the Quarter can be used to describe both the phallus and the streetcar. * Men were superior to women, during the mid-twentieth century. The evidence is in the speech because men could obviously do anything they wished, when they wished; go up and down whenever they liked, even make good use of their Quarters! By saying this, I would like to point out that Stanley always had the upper hand to Stella. He was very convincing and managed to win over Blanche, to persuade his own wife. The rape scene can also be associated with superiority. Stanley used Blanches body to prove that she was a liar, a cheater and had gone insane. He also saw women with sexual classifications and judged them, depending on their appearance; we are told on page 128. Therefore, it is a fact that men were superior to women, and they could fulfil any of their desires! Finally, when Blanche answers her sisters question, she is taking it literally (referring to the real streetcar, which brought her to Elysian Fields. ) That is how it would seem to a new audience. This is a fine example of symbolism. One who hears the dialogue in the highlighted selection (above) is likely to assume that Blanche is talking about the real streetcar, on which she travelled to arrive at her destination. Truthfully, I think Blanche is implying that sex was what made her come to Elysian Fields. She is declaring that because of sex, she has had to suffer through all those problems. Blanche has obviously grasped the significance of her past mistakes, repented them and known what is right and wrong. It is interesting to notice how one, short piece of text can be so symbolic and how easily it can be misunderstood! The first time I read the play I did not observe all these ideas. Nevertheless, after reading the script repeatedly, I realised that every single word Williams had entered had been deliberately done, to represent some things of his time. One of the reasons for doing this could be because it was a crime just to say the word sex, or anything related to that subject. Instead, playwrights suggested these ideas by using symbols, as what this essay is all about. Progressing to the sound of music and instrumental signs, Streetcar includes two very significant symbols that are linked with crucial themes such as sexuality and madness. The hot trumpets and the blue piano are constantly heard during short periods of tension and when Blanche experiences insanity! Williams has introduced the blue piano in scene one. The first page of the script tells us that it expresses the spirit of life which goes on here referring to a part of New Orleans (Elysian Fields. ) On certain occasions, the polka tune was also played. For instance, at the end of scene one, Stanley raises doubts about whether or not Blanche is married. This reminds Blanche of her horrific past and how her young husband had died. It creates tension and if, as an audience, we were to view the stage drama, it would build a large amount of suspense. The reason for this is that straight after the polka music plays, Blanche claims that she is going to be sick! From this, we know that Blanche is in a bad state and wants to forget. Returning to the sound of the polka tune, I would like to add that music in general life, can have quite an effect on its listeners. Polka music was played for a lively nineteenth-century dance. Here, it has been used to keep the viewers focused and to grab their attention on the story line. In the following fragment, Blanche and Stanley are deep in conversation.

The eNotes Blog Unpublished Novel by Pearl S. Buck Found in Texas StorageUnit

Unpublished Novel by Pearl S. Buck Found in Texas StorageUnit I live for stories like this. My children are regularly subjected to garage and estate sales.   They tap their feet and emit long, angsty, teenage sighs as I go through ancient, musty-smelling boxes, looking and hoping for such a gem. It happened to  someone.  After forty years, an unpublished manuscript by Pearl S. Buck  has been discovered in a Texas storage unit.   The New York Times  reports that the manuscript was returned to Bucks family for a small fee.   How the manuscript came to be in Texas is a mystery;   Buck, a West Virigina native,   never lived in Texas, nor did she have family in Texas. Although Bucks best-known work today is  The Good Earth, in the early twentieth century, many of her other works were widely read. A prolific author, Buck wrote dozens of novels, works of non-fiction, and short stories. In 1938, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, the first woman upon which the honor was bestowed. The new novel titled  Ã‚  The Eternal Wonder  is described as â€Å"the coming-of-age story of Randolph Colfax, an extraordinarily gifted young man whose search for meaning and purpose leads him to New York, England, Paris and on a mission patrolling the DMZ in Korea that will change his life forever - and, ultimately, to love.† The publisher,  Open Road Integrated Media,  says the novel will be released on October 22, 2013, in both paperback and eBook formats.

The Influence of Marginalist Revolution in the Economy History Essay

The Influence of Marginalist Revolution in the Economy History - Essay Example (p. 14) As it was mentioned by one of the trendsetters of the movement, William Stanley Jevons: "The theory in question has in fact been independently discovered three or four times over and must be true" (cited in Hutchison, 1978). Let's name one more reason which would be grounded on the practical basis as developing of the viewing of the phenomenon of marginalist revolution provides us with an abundant source of theoretical assumptions which may be of great help while inciting up-to-date serves which are considered obscured or slighted by modern theory (Mirowski, 1988, p. 19). Moreover any uncertainty or confusion over the origins and results of marginalist revolution would give rise possible grave misunderstandings in its description and overviewing. Therefore, to try to explain the origin of the marginal utility revolution in the 1870's is doomed to failure: it was not a marginal utility revolution; it was not an abrupt change, but only a gradual transformation in which the old ideas were never definitively rejected; and it did not happen in the 1870s (Blaug, 1978, p. 322). Some authors challenge that there was any consolidated and deliberate movement. "In its stead, it portrays a haphazard and fragmented agglomeration of economic theorists, whose only common denominators were the twin notions of diminishing marginal utility and utility-determined prices"(Bowley 1973, p. 44). Moreover Bowley stated that none of the notions was especially new in the 1870s, we and may conclude that there was no interruption in the economic concepts of that time and the economic theory has realized one uninterrupted discipline from those time until nowadays (Bowley 1973, p. 49). Thus with the aim of proper investigation of the topic let's determine key fundamentals of marginalism. Briefly speaking it is the theory that determined economic value as a derivation from marginal utility and marginal cost which are considered to be basic marginal concepts. Through the prism of marginalism the most essential thing for the process of decision-making is "the marginal or last unit of consumption or production" (Hutchison, 1978, p. 91). For instance, one car is very helpful for everyday life. An additional car might become helpful if the first one is being repaired or for spares, but it is not as helpful as the first one. The third car has less utility than the previous two cars. Taking into consideration the price of cars, we may claim that many people are not inclined to own three cars as the benefit they are going to receive on the third automobile would be unlikely to go beyond the price (Verdon, 1996, p. 201). William Stanley Jevons from England, Carl Menger from Austria and Leon Walras from Switzerland singly formed the idea of marginal utility nearly in 1870. While discussing who of those three experts had taken the leading place in formulating the theory, Jevons' counterpart found a work of Prussian economist H. H. Gossen (Howey, 1960, p. 7). Gossen was considered as the initial author, and his work was restated using less mathematical methods in order to make it more comprehensible to the public. His relations between value in exchange and marginal utility

Article review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Review - Article Example Therefore, undercover economies are new fundamental principles that are used to explain the modern economy using familiar economic circumstances to explain unfamiliar economic circumstances. Tim Harford is the think tank behind this economic revolution. In his contributions, he revealed that the games of negotiations and signals, battles of wits, and contests of strengths as the driving powers behind undercover economic concept. Additionally, the undercover economic revelation can be applied in all levels of the economies including making a choice in an individual’s daily life (Chapin 01). Notably, the La Vie en Rose CEO never hesitated to try a new concept to his business. In opting trying this newly found concept, CEO Franà §ois Roberge note that in order to achieve in his new venture, he needed to apply the ideals principles of management theories. He was saying, â€Å"If you don’t try, there’s no evolution. My concept of retail is†¦ if you don’t move, you die† (Chapin 01). These concepts congregate organizational or business activities thereby bring workforce together with the aim of accomplishing business objectives and goal s using available resources. Roberge conciliated his management force towards the venture of newly found opportunity. However, Roberge needed deep understanding of the concepts of management theories to implement his idea towards enhancing his organizational or business productivity and service quality along the same line. Most of the management theories or concepts are used cumulatively in implementing strategies within a workplace. However, a workplace, workforce, and the purpose of the work often determine the combination of the management theories or concept combination. System theory, contingency theory, and chaos theory are the mostly known management theories. These theories are quite vital for Roberge since he needed to venture in different business market and deal with different

Quantitative Research in Patient Safety Literature Review

Quantitative Research in Patient Safety Literature Review Recently, research has occupied a crucial place in nursing that is identified as â€Å"the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential health problems† (American Nurses’ Association, 1980 p.9); thus, an appropriate understanding of research literature is a prerequisite for every individual who works in this area (Rees, 2003). Unfortunately, despite the fact that most of nurses acquire specific skills in research, only some of them manage to apply research data or research findings to practice (Bostrum Suter, 1993). This can be explained by the nurses inability to critique a research, evaluating its pros and cons (Krainovich-Miller et al., 2002). The aim of the present essay is to critically analyse two quantitative research literatures in patient safety. The first research is â€Å"Relationship between complaints and quality of care in New Zealand: a descriptive analysis of complainants and noncomplainants following adverse events† by M. Bi smark et al. (2006), while the second research is â€Å"Comparison of three methods for estimating rates of adverse events and rates of preventable adverse events in acute care hospitals† by P. Michel et al. (2004). Although many nursing studies have been conducted in the last decade (e.g. Johnson Lauver, 1989; Conlon Anderson, 1990; Norman et al., 1991; Brennan et al., 1995; Gross et al., 1995; Fieler et al., 1996; Bennet, 1999), they implicitly dealt with the issues of patient care; however, the studies discussed further directly relate to the quality of medical care in New Zealand and France. The research conducted by Bismark et al. (2006) evaluates the extent of injuries in the patients cured in public hospitals of New Zealand, or more precisely (as the title reveals), a correlation between patients’ complaints and quality of medical care. While the title is clue to the focus, the abstract gives more detailed information, identifying the major aspects of the research (objectives, design, setting, population, main outcome measures, results and conclusion) in a clear scientific style. However, the abstract does not indicate the research questions of the study; they are stated further in the research and are the following: 1) Do complaints track injuries, or are they prompted by more subjective concerns? 2) Are complaints the â€Å"tip of the iceberg’ in terms of quality of care problems and, if so, how representative are they of broader quality problems? (Bismark et al., 2006 p.17). Although the research by Michel et al. (2004) also refers to patient safety, neither the title, nor the abstract uncovers the theme in an explicit way. Actually, the theme is exposed further in the research; in particular, the study analyses rates of unintended injuries (defined by the authors as adverse events and preventable adverse events) in the patients cured in care hospitals of France. Similarly to the first research, the abstract in the second study briefly summarises the research and is divided into the same categories that uncover the essence of the investigation. In this regard, the abstract is an obvious strength of the analysis and it can serve as an example to other researchers who investigate various aspects of nursing. But the research does not specify the research questions either in the abstract or in the introduction section of the paper. Such a lack of specific questions certainly complicates the overall apprehension of the study. The authors could have proposed some research questions, such as 1) What are the major aspects of reliability, acceptability and effectiveness? Or 2) How rates of adverse events and rates of preventable adverse events can be properly assessed with each of three methods? These questions are of primary importance to the research, as adverse events and preventable adverse events can not be rightfully evaluated, if the major criteria of reliability and effectiveness are not properly discussed in the context of the research. However, the authors pay little attention to these aspects of the analysis. Despite the fact that the introduction section in both studies provides a valid explanation of the importance of the problem, neither of the two studies includes an overview of the previous research or specific reports. This neglect decreases the overall presentation and reduces the value of the presented data. However, the problems of statement are formulated in a concise way and reflect that the researchers narrowed the areas of research to the issue of adverse events in the clinical setting in order to get more accurate findings. In fact, this issue is especially relevant today when patient safety has become worse in many countries of the world. The justification for the chosen topic in the research by Bismark et al. (2006) is that the recent accident compensation system in New Zealand does not adequately examine patients’ complaints in all cases of adverse events. Pointing at the fact that â€Å"there is growing international interest in harnessing patient dissatisfaction and complaints to address problems with quality† (Bismark et al., 2006 p.17), the authors concurrently put crucial questions that inspire readers’ interest in the issue of patient safety from the very beginning. In the research of Michel et al. (2004) the underlying reason for initiating an investigation is that the limitations of the employed methods reduce the validity of the received findings in regard to patients’ injures within the hospital setting. However, the lack of appropriate background, theoretical frameworks, hypotheses and definite aims in the introduction section considerably limits the studies. This especially regards the non-inclusion of specific theories that usually back up the presented data. In this respect, both studies are theory-free; unlike theory-testing research and theory-generating research, this kind of research is less popular because it does not analyse any theoretical concepts that constitute the basis of practical nursing. On th e other hand, the studies of Michel et al. (2004) and Bismark et al. (2006) specifically focus on a practical problem-solving framework; that is, the present researches are aimed at identifying practical solutions to the discussed problems rather than discussing theoretical implications. The research of Michel et al. (2004) uses a quantitative research method that â€Å"emphasizes objectivity through statistical analysis† (Santy Kneale, 1998 p.77) and the quasi-experimental design that is considered to be more adequate and less biased than an experimental method, if an investigation is conducted within the clinical setting (Polit Hungler, 1995). Though objectivity is crucial for such kind of research, it would also be appropriate to combine quantitative and qualitative methods, that is, to combine objectivity and subjectivity (Phillips, 1990). The fact is that due to its quantitative method the study appears to be too analytical, too objectively-oriented; thus, there is a necessity to introduce some aspects of the subjective realm into the research. However, Parahoo (1997) supports another viewpoint, exposing the inadequacy of a qualitative method, especially in regard to a nursing research. The author points out that, applying to a quantitative method, rese archers are able to predict the final outcomes, while a qualitative method may generate unpredictable results. The data in the study are collected in care hospitals of Aquitaine with the help of three research techniques – a cross sectional method, a prospective method and a retrospective method. Such triangulation is aimed at â€Å"relat[ing] different sorts of data in such a way as to counteract various possible threats to the validity of analysis† (Hammersely Atkinson, 1983 p.199). In the present study triangulation corresponds with the terms of reference that provide appropriate relevance to the whole research (Shih, 1998). Identifying both advantages and disadvantages of all three methods in Box 2, the researchers contribute much to the reliability of the findings, despite the fact that they have not conducted a pilot study that, according to Carr (2003), intensifies the credibility of the employed research techniques. On the other hand, a pilot study is crucial for the investigations that utilise unchecked tools for research, as is the case with the present study, where the researchers conduct an evaluation of methodology. In this regard, a pilot study â€Å"helps to illuminate some of the problems of the research tool† (Santy and Kneale, 1998 p.80). The research of Bismark et al. (2006) is also quantitative with descriptive design. The baseline data are taken from the medical records of the New Zealand Quality of Healthcare Study (NZQHS) and the Commissioner’s complaints database. Further, multivariate and bivariate analyses are applied to the research to identify certain dissimilarities between complaints and non-complaints. Overall, the explanation of the research techniques and methods is a great strength of this study, as the authors provide a thorough description in regard to data collection and study design. Although the researchers do not define a hypothesis of the analysis, they, nevertheless, use dependent and independent variables to differentiate complainants from non-complainants. However, the limited space of both studies has not allowed the researchers to insert the samples of medical records and questionnaires that served as the basis for the research; thus, the methodology of both investigations can not be fully assessed in terms of the quality. Actually, the research of Bismark et al. (2006) and the research of Michel et al. (2004) employ primary sources (including official records) that explicitly relate to the subjects. But according to Burgess (1991), even primary sources should be critically assessed and â€Å"it is essential to locate them in context† (p.124). But neither the first nor the second study provides a critical evaluation of the utilised sources. In regard to ethical issues, they are not openly addressed in the studies; however, in the research of Bismark et al. (2006) there is a mentioning that the investigation was endorsed by the Wellington Ethics Committee. For Robinson (1996), such ethical approval is a necessary part of a nursing research, as any investigation deals with human beings who may experience certain difficulties during the research. On the other hand, due to its descriptive nature the present study does not necessarily need an informed consent or ethical considerations (Cutcliffe Ward, 2003), while the research of Michel et al. (2004) requires a discussion of certain ethical issues because of its quasi-experimental design. Some of these issues are patients’ confidentiality, defence of their rights and risk control (Pranulis, 1996). In regard to the latter factor, it is necessary for researchers to increase potential benefits and decrease potential risks, especially in such studies that involve a great number of participants, as is just the case with the research of Michel et al. (2004). Thus, it would have been proper for the researchers of the present study to discuss in detail subjects’ conditions and potential harm, particularly in view of the fact that nursing directly relates to patient safety within the clinical setting (DHHS, 1981). However, the ethical rights of samples are implicitly defended in both studies, as no personal details of participants are revealed. But the researchers provide no information of the ways the data were stored and protected before or during the investigation. Similarly, neither of the studies refers to informed consents, while this is a prerequisite for any nursing research (Alt-White, 1995; Berry et al., 1996). As for sampling, the study of Bismark et al. (2006) analyses two groups of patients: the first group includes people who made complaints to the Commissioner and the second group includes people â€Å"identified by the NZQHS as having suffered an adverse event who did not lodge a complaint† (Bismark et al., 2006 p.17). A two stage sampling process is initiated by NZQHS on the example of 6579 medical records. Although inclusion and exclusion criteria are not explicitly identified in the study, the researchers make it clear that they only choose the patients who suffer adverse events. In the process of analysis these patients are divided into two categories – complainants and non-complainants, though both groups are typical representatives of the larger population. In the research of Michel et al. (2004) the sampling includes 778 patients from medical, surgical and obstetric wards. This number of samples is appropriate for a descriptive study. Initially, the researchers chose 786 patients with the help of a two stage cluster stratified process, but excluded 8 persons â€Å"because they were still present on day 30, precluding the review of their medical records† (Michel et al., 2004 p.2). In this respect, the study does not clearly define inclusion and exclusion criteria, but some samples are excluded in the process of investigation. No obvious bias is found in regard to the samples; similar to the previous research, the samples belong to typical representatives of the larger group. In view of this fact, the sampling can be considered as fully reliable. In addition to authors’ comments, the results in the research of Bismark et al. (2006) are presented in figures, tables and boxes that are introduced as additional tools for clarification. This visual information reflects how the data are collected and measured (Figure 1 is especially accurate in revealing the cases of injured complainants and non-complainants). Although the authors do not specifically explain such a choice, they provide a detailed justification for the use of correlation tests that define dependent variables (a distinction between complainants and non-complainants) and independent variables (age, ethnicity, sex and other factors). Besides, the researchers weight the bivariate and multivariate analyses to acquire more accurate findings. The results in the study of Michel et al. (2004) also appear in both textual and graphic forms in order to enhance explanation. But the researchers do not attain the balance between figures and comments, putting too much emphas is on figures. Unlike the previous study, the authors do not use dependent and independent variables in their analysis; however, they employ paired X2 tests for the comparison of retrospective and prospective methods. Discussing their findings, Bismark et al. (2006) draw a parallel between the received results and the findings of the previous studies. Actually, many findings of the prior research are consistent with the present research (e.g. Burstin, et al., 1993; Studdert et al., 2000), while some findings contradict the earlier results (e.g. Tapper et al., 2004). To some extent, such a comparison justifies the lack of literature review at the beginning of the research and provides more validity to the overall outcomes. In general terms, the findings of Bismark et al. (2006) directly relate to the objectives of the study, gradually introducing the evidence that proves the authors’ initial suggestions. In particular, the researchers find out that 79% of all injures can be identified as preventable adverse events. In the case of the Commissioners analysis, 64% of the complaints are made by the patients who suffer adverse events, of which 51% are preventable adverse events. In regard to the NZQHS review, 315 cases of adverse events (out of 850 cases) are preventable, 124 cases are serious and 48 cases are serious and preventable. As for instigators of complaints, 41% of complaints are made by the patients, while 59% by their relatives or friends (13% spouse, 16% parent and 17% child). Evaluating the independent variables, the researchers reveal that the age of complainants is lower than the age of non-complainants; moreover, non-complainants mainly live in the regions with poor economic conditions. The findings in the research of Michel et al. (2004) also relate to the terms of reference, providing evidence that â€Å"the prospective method has several advantages over retrospective and cross sectional methods† (Michel et al., 2004 p.3). In particular, the prospective method better recognises preventable adverse events and is more trustworthy than two other methods. This is clearly seen in Venn diagrams that demonstrate the number of adverse events identified by each of three research methods. Overall, the findings in the present study are not properly discussed; however, the researchers discuss in detail the strengths and limitations of the research in the discussion section. For instance, as the authors reveal, reliability and effectiveness of adverse even ts rates are successfully estimated because the samples are assessed with the help of three methods. On the other hand, the researchers point at the possibility of bias that â€Å"may have been present due to the small number of hospitals and wards† (Michel et al., 2004 p.3) and because of the participation of the care teams in the prospective method. Besides, the reference list that the researchers utilised in the process of investigation might have errors that were not identified. Finally, the aspects of reliability, effectiveness and acceptability are not discussed in detail by the authors, though these are the major assessment criteria of the study. However, there are some obvious strengths of the research; unlike the studies that analyse adverse events either in surgery or medicine (e.g. Mantel et al., 1998; Waterstone et al., 2001), the present study examines various cases of adverse events in three areas – medicine, surgery and obstetrics. Similarly to this research, Bismark et al. (2006) also identify certain limitations of the study; in particular, the analysis of adverse event rates is rather confined, if medical record reviews serve as the basis for the research. The research also lacks definite ethnicity data for all complainants; thus, there is a â€Å"potential for measurement error† (Bismark et al., 2006 p.21). In addition, the authors do not provide any information as to the alternative research methods that can be used for the assessment of the relations between complains and quality of medical care. Drawing a parallel between the employed methods and the alternative methods, it will be possible to enhance the validity of the received findings. The conclusion in the research of Bismark et al. (2006) directly responds to the terms of reference; based on the received results, the conclusion suggests that elderly or economically poor patients rarely initiate complaints processes. The same regards the pati ents who belong to ethnic minorities (in this case – to Pacific ethnicity). The authors recommend to conduct a further study that will profoundly investigate the reasons for people’s refusal to make complaints in the cases of poor medical care. Moreover, the complaints greatly depend on the severity of injures and whether the event is preventable or unpreventable. In this respect, as the researchers conclude, â€Å"complaints offer a valuable portal for observing serious threats to patient safety and may facilitate efforts to improve quality† (Bismark et al., 2006 p.22). Unfortunately, no recommendations for practice are made at the end of the study, thus reducing the relevance of the received findings. On the other hand, as Santy and Kneale (1998) claim, â€Å"all research has some implications for practice even if the results have proven to be inconclusive† (p.82). In the research of Michel et al. (2004) the conclusion summarises the results that, in the authors’ words, â€Å"provide new insights into the epidemiology of adverse events† (p.4). Such a viewpoint is explained by the fact that the findings of the present study reveal the ways to intensify the implementation of prospective assessment in the clinical setting. However, the researchers only suggest the answers to the posed questions, avoiding any insisten ce on specific concepts or notions. Comparing three methods, the researchers recommend to use the prospective method for different purposes that implicitly or explicitly relate to the evaluation of adverse events rates. Finally, Michel et al. (2004) briefly discuss the prior knowledge on the topic and the knowledge acquired in the process of investigation. In regard to the prior knowledge, the assessment of adverse events was conducted in an analytical way that considerably limited the findings. In the present study the researchers receive more feasible results and identify that the causes of adverse events and risk reduction programmes can be successfully evaluated by the prospective method rather than by the retrospective or cross-sectional methods. However, further research is required, if the evidence received in this research is applied to practice (Barron Kenny, 1986; Scott Thompson, 2003). Overall, both researches are well-structured and are written in a scientifically concise style; however, as was stated above, the study of Michel et al. (2004) provides too much technical details, while analysing the results. Therefore, it is slightly difficult to read the research and, consequently, there is a chance that its findings may be ignored by a practitioner on the premise of misunderstanding. Although the research of Michel et al. (2004) is logically constructed, an unqualified person may fail to rightfully apprehend the presented data. On the contrary, the study of Bismark et al. (2006) is easy to understand because it lacks much unexplained jargon. Another strength of the research is the appropriate use of quotes in the discussion section; these quotes are directly related to the analysis and correspond with the ideas expressed by the authors, either refuting or confirming them. Employing this or that quote, the researchers provide a detailed interpretation of a certain concept; and for all that, the number of quotes is reasonable and they are rather short. On the contrary, Michel et al. (2004) do not utilise quotes in the discussion to support their arguments, though they use certain references. Despite the fact that the researchers do not explicitly recommend their studies to nurses, the overall findings can be especially relevant to nursing staff, as well as to the researchers who are involved in health care. Within a complex clinical setting nurses experience various difficulties because of the lack of appropriate practical knowledge (Treacy Hide, 1999; Polit et al., 2001). Thus, the studies of Michel et al. (2004) and Bismark et al. (2006) can inspire nurses’ interest in the ways of patient safety, as, despite their limitations and certain inadequacies, the studies pose vital questions that may increase the quality of medical care not only in France and New Zealand, but in other countries as well. Due to the fact that nowadays nursing staff is usually required to implement various aspects of research into practice (Christman Johnson, 1981; Burnard Morrison, 1990; Street, 1992; McSherry, 1997; Cormack, 2000; Rodgers, 2000; Hek et al., 2002; Cluett Bluff, 2004), the present studies are especially valuable, as they provide useful and valid information that extends the prior knowledge in patient safety. In further studies it will be crucial to discuss the received findings in the context of international implications and to pay more attention to preventable adverse events (Thomas et al., 2000). Moreover, it will be important to give some recommendations for nursing staff and those individuals who deal with patients’ complains (World Health Organisation, 1977; Gordon, 1988; Brink et al., 1989; Lindley Walker, 1993; Ferketich, Mercer, 1995; Northouse, 1995; Roseman Booker, 1995; Duffy et al., 1996; Madge et al., 1997; Vertanen, 2001). Bibliography Alt-White, A. C. (1995) Obtaining ‘informed’ consent from the elderly. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 17, 700-705. American Nurses Association (1980) Nursing: A Social Policy Statement. Kansas City, American Nurses Association. Baron, R.M., Kenny, D.A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182. Bennet, J. A. (1999) Critique of research review of attitudes to HIV/AIDS. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 29 (3), 770-771. Berry, D. L., Dodd, M. J., Hinds, P. S., Ferrell, B. R. (1996) Informed consent: Process and clinical issues. Oncology Nursing Forum, 23, 507-512. Bismark, M. M., Brennan, T. A., Paterson, R. J., Davis, P.B., Studdert, D. M. (2006) Relationship between complaints and quality of care in New Zealand: a descriptive analysis of complainants and noncomplainants following adverse events. Quality and Safety in Health Care, 15, 17-22. Bostrum, J. Suter, W. N. (1993) Research utilisation: making the link with practice. Journal of Nursing Staff Development, 28-34. Brennan, P.F., Moore, S.M., Smyth, K.A. (1995).The effects of a special computer network on caregivers of persons with Alzheimers disease.Nursing Research, 44, 166-172. Brink, C.A., Sampselle, C.M., Wells, T.J. (1989). A digital test for pelvic muscle strength in older women with urinary incontinence.Nursing Research, 38, 196-199. Burgess, R. G. (1991) In the Field: An Introduction to Field Research. London, Routledge. Burnard, P. Morrison, P. (1990) Nursing Research in Action: Developing Basic Skills. London, Macmillan. Burstin, H. R., Johnson, W.G., Lipsitz, S. R. et al. (1993) Do the poor sue more? A case control study of malpractice claims and socioeconomic status. JAMA, 270, 1697-1701. Carr, J. (2003) Improving questionnaire response rates. Practice Nursing, 14 (4), 171-174. Christman, N. J. Johnson, J. E. (1981) The importance of research in nursing. In: Y. M. Williamson (ed.) Research Methodology and Its Application in Nursing. New York, Wiley. pp.3-24. Cluett, E. R. Bluff, R. (2004) Principles and Practice of Research in Midwifery. London, Bailliere Tindall. Conlon, M., Anderson, G. (1990). Three methods of random assignment: Comparison of balance achieved on potentially confounding variables. Nursing Research, 39, 376-379. Cormack, D. (2000). The Research Process in Nursing. Oxford, Blackwell Science. Cutcliffe, J. R. Ward, M. (2003) Critiquing Nursing Research. Bath, Bath Press. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) (January 26, 1981) Final regulations amending basic HHS policy for the protection of human research subjects. Federal Regulations, 46 (16). Duffy, M. E., Rossow, R., Hernandez, M. (1996).Correlates of health-promotion activities in employed Mexican American women.Nursing Research, 45, 18-24. Ferketich, S. L., Mercer, R. T. (1995).Paternal-infant attachment of experienced and inexperienced fathers during infancy. Nursing Research, 44, 31-37. Fieler, V. K., Wlasowicz, G. S., Mitchell, M. L., Jones, L.S., Johnson, J. E. (1996). Information preferences of patients undergoing radiation therapy. Oncology Nursing Forum, 23, 1603-1608. Gordon, D. R (1988) Tenacious assumptions in Western biomedicine. In: Lock M, Gordon D. R (eds) Biomedicine Examined. London, Kluwer Academic Press. pp. 19–56. Gross, D., Conrad, B., Fogg, L., Willis, L., Garvey, C. (1995). A longitudinal study of maternal depression and preschool childrens mental health. Nursing Research, 44, 96-101. Hammersley, M. Atkinson, P. (1983) Ethnography: Principles in Practice. London, Tavistock. Hek G., Judd, M., Moule, P. (2002) Making Sense of Research: An Introduction for Health and Social Care Practitioners. Sage Publications, London. Johnson, J. E. Lauver, D. R. (1989) Alternative explanations of coping with stressful experiences associated with physical illness. Advances in Nursing Science, 11 (2), 39-52. Krainovich-Miller, B., LoBiondo-Wood, G. Haber, J. (2002) Critical reading strategies: Overview of the research process. In: LoBiondo-Wood J. Haber (eds.), Nursing Research: Critical Appraisal, and Utilization. St Louis, MO, Mosby. pp.33-50. Lindley, P., Walker, S. N. (1993).Theoretical and methodological differentiation of moderation and mediation.Nursing Research, 42, 276-279. Madge P, McColl J, Paton J. (1997) Impact of a nurse-led home management training programme in children admitted to hospital with acute asthma: a randomised controlled study. Thorax, 52, 223–228. Mantel, G. D., Biuchmann, E., Rees, H., Pattinson, R. C. (1998) Severe acute maternal morbidity: a pilot study of a definition for a near-miss. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 105, 985-990. McSherry, R. (1997) What do registered nurses and midwives feel and know about research? Journal of Advanced Nursing, 25, 5, 985-998. Michel, P., Quenon, J. L., Sarasqueta, A.M., Scemama, O. (2004). Comparison of three methods for estimating rates of adverse events and rates of preventable adverse events in acute care hospitals. British Medical Journal, 328, 1-5. Norman, E., Gadaleta, D. Griffin, C. C. (1991) A evaluation of three blood pressure methods in a stabilized acute trauma population. Nursing Research, 40, 86-89. Northouse, L. L., Jeffs, M., Cracchiolo-Caraway, Lampman, L., Dorris, G. (1995). Emotional distress reported by women and husbands prior to a breast biopsy.Nursing Research, 44, 196-201. Parahoo, A. K. (1997) Nursing Research, Principles, Process, and Issues. London, MacMillan. Phillips, D. C. (1990). Subjectivity and objectivity: An objective inquiry. In: Eisner and Peshkin (Eds.) Qualitative inquiry in education: The continuing debate (pp. 19-37). New York, Teachers College Press. Polit, D. F. Hungler, B. P. (1995) Nursing Research Principles and Methods. Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott. Polit, D. F., Beck, C. T. Hungler, B. P. (2001) Essentials of Nursing Research Methods, Appraisal and Utilization. Philadelphia, Lippincott. Pranulis, M. F. (1996) Protecting rights of human subjects. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 18, 474-478. Rees, C. (2003) Introduction to Research for Midwives. London, Books for Midwives. Robinson, J. (1996) It’s only a questionnaire: ethics in social science research. British Journal of Midwifery, 4, 41-46. Rodgers S (2000) A study of the utilisation of research in practice and the influence of education. Nurse Education Today, 20 (4), 279-287. Roseman, C., Booker, J. M. (1995). Workload and environmental factors in hospital medication errors. Nursing Research, 44, 226-230. Santy, J. Kneale, J. (1998) Critiquing quantitative research. Journal of Orthopaedic Nursing, 2, 77-83. Scott, T. J., Thompson D. R. (2003) Assessing the information needs of post-myocardial infarction patients: a systematic review. Patient Education and Counselling. 50 (2), 167-177. Shih, F. J. (1998) Triangulation in nursing research: issues of conceptual clarity and purpose. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 28 (3), 631-641. Street, A. F. (1992) Inside Nursing: A Critical Ethnography of Clinical Nursing Practice. New York, State University Press of New York. Studdert, D. M., Thomas, E. J., Burstin, H. R. et al. (2000) Negligent care and malpractice claiming behaviour in Utah and Colorado. Medical Care, 38, 250-260. Tapper, R., Malcolm, L., Frizelle, F. (2004) Surgeons’ experience of complaints to the Health and Disability Commissioner. New Zealand Medical Journal, 117 (1198), 1-122. Thomas, E.J, Studdert, D. M, Burstin, H. R., Orav. E. J.,

Binary Essay -- Math

Do you remember watching the movie, The Matrix? Do you remember the green columns of zeroes and ones that were streaming down the screen? Those ones and zeros are part of a numbering system called Binary. Binary is a simple system that only utilizes two character symbols but accomplishes large counting tasks. Binary is not a number system you would want to use for everyday tasks because there are no shortcuts, you have to do the equation the same way every time and it takes a long time to do most calculations. That is why we use what is called the Denary (AKA Decimal) number system. The Denary number system is called a base-10 system as opposed to Binary being called a base-2 system. Base-10 means that the system uses ten different characters as symbols, 0-9. As stated above Binary uses only two character symbols, 0-1. The chart below should demonstrate how the two system look compared to one another. Denary Binary Denary Binary 1 1 11 1011 2 10 12 1100 3 11 13 1101 4 100 14 1110 5 101 15 1111 6 110 16 10000 7 111 17 10001 8 1000 18 10010 9 1001 19 10011 10 1010 20 10100 Binary has operations just like the Denary system has. Binary addition is the operation that is the most basic and also should give the best example of how the system works. In the Denary system addition works by placing one digit above the other and adding there values. The same goes for Binary. The only difference is how you add zeros and ones. If one has 1+0 or 0+1 the answer is 1. Or if one 0+0 the answer one would get is 0. That all is straight forward but when one gets 1+1 the answer is 10. The reason for this is because there is not a 2 in Binary, but if there were it is 10. Examples of each systems addition is below. Denary Binary 5 ... ...Binary Number System | World of Mathematics Summary, n.d.). This led to Binary being called the machine language because it is very easy to interpret 0 and 1. A machine such as computer can see 0 and 1 as on and off (Leverkuhn, n.d.). For example, a computer processor has inside of it millions of switches that can be turned on and off. This system of on and off tells the computer what it needs to do. Computers may seem as if they have a brain and have very high intelligence but in reality they are just listening for a bell to toll to perform a desired action. Dr. Ka-Wing Wong, Head of Computer Science at Eastern Kentucky University would say, â€Å"Computers are stupid.† Binary is the basis for the Computer Science field communicates with computer. This is also the main purpose of Binary in today’s world. Without Binary the world would be less technologically advanced.

Historical and cultural context Essay

All three of these stories create strange but similar atmospheres. Three similarities that these stories have is that they all took place around the 1880s/1890s,all three stories in the beginning always take place at 221B Baker Street, and all three stories seem to take place in and out of Victorian London. The mystery of â€Å"The Red-Headed League† takes place mainly around Victorian London and is described as very busy, crowded and swarming full of pedestrians. There are references to carriages, cellars and lanterns throughout the story so this will give you an image of the kind of atmosphere to expect. The way London is described it will probably strike people as it being old fashioned if you compare it from then and now when read. The value of money was different from then and now. In â€Å"The Red-Headed League† i 4 a week is seemed to be an awful lot, because most people in those days would maybe make that in a month or two. The story shows conflict between rich and poor people. The Blue Carbuncle is set in a few places around London, and has references to old buildings and carriages when Holmes and Watson are in the search of the goose. The background for all these stories reflects London of a hundred years ago. This was when forty percent of the population were servants. The police as you would notice belonged to lower social class and were poorly thought of at the time because of the inefficiency and corruption. Another feature in contrast to today is that the trains always seem to run on time, carriages are always there when needed and Holmes and Watson are never delayed by the traffic. The structures between all three stories do not seem to be all that different. All three stories have unusual and strange titles (The Speckled Band, The Red-Headed League, and The Blue Carbuncle) that intrigue the reader. The title gives you an idea to what the story will be about. They all have exciting openings, because they all start at 221B Baker Street with Holmes sitting down talking to a strange and mysterious person with Watson interrupting for the case to be retold and explained to us readers. When a new a new character is introduced it grabs the readers attention wanting to find out more so they keep on reading. In the beginnings of all three stories whenever Holmes is interrupted by Watson the new character will explain the case again so that Holmes will start to observe the person and make mental notes about him/her. Holmes is able to find clues just from the person and the clues are used to build up tension so that Holmes can make deductions. There are often flashbacks from the new character to give a history of them that will obviously be linked to the mystery. The dramatic ending for â€Å"The Speckled Band† was danger but justice was done as the villain had got what was coming to him. In â€Å"The Red-Headed League† the dramatic ending was that justice was done as the criminals were arrested and the dramatic ending for The Blue Carbuncle was not danger and nor was it justice done because the character had owned up to his mistake and said he had punishment enough. The points in short story structure (how the writer puts the text together) are as follows: Paragraph structure which is how the meaning is revealed from sentence, book structure which might affect the reader if the book is split into chapters, with language of implications and what is left unsaid, through the narrator which is how the story is told and with imagery which is how the emotions and scenes are built up. The language which is used for all three stories is quite old fashioned. The words and sentences seem confusing as they are not what we use today. For example instead of â€Å"Holmes said† like we would say now it is â€Å"said he†. The language is very different but understandable. The stories use old fashion words like: dog cart, would fain, forceps, whimsical, commissionaire, billycock, labyrinth, unimpeachable, deduce, inferences, foresight†¦ etc. The stories all give detailed descriptions for unusual objects, new strange characters and peculiar places by using similes and metaphors. Holmes and Watson both in the three stories use many similes and metaphors to give us descriptions of things. The dialogue is shown by Watson as he asks all the questions the reader wants to ask, and when Holmes impatiently explains what to him is obvious, Watson is acting on our behalf. The story gets retold just for us with more detailed language and more explanations.

Hypsilophodon - Facts and Figures

Name: Hypsilophodon (Greek for Hypsilophus-toothed); pronounced HIP-sih-LOAF-oh-don Habitat: Forests of western Europe Historical Period: Middle Cretaceous (125-120 million years ago) Size and Weight: About five feet long and 50 pounds Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Small size; bipedal posture; numerous teeth lining cheeks About Hypsilophodon The initial fossil specimens of Hypsilophodon were discovered in England in 1849, but it wasnt until 20 years later that they were recognized as belonging to an entirely new genus of dinosaur, and not to a juvenile Iguanodon (as paleontologists first believed). That wasnt the only misconception about Hypsilophodon: nineteenth-century scientists once speculated that this dinosaur lived high up in the branches of trees (since they couldnt imagine such a puny beast holding its own against contemporary giants like Megalosaurus) and/or walked on all fours, and some naturalists even thought it had armor plating on its skin! Heres what we do know about Hypsilophodon: this roughly human-sized dinosaur appears to have been built for speed, with long legs and a long, straight, stiff tail, which it held parallel to the ground for balance. Since we know from the shape and arrangement of its teeth that Hypsilophodon was a herbivore (technically a type of small, slender dinosaur known as an ornithopod), we can surmise that it evolved its sprinting ability as a way of escaping the large theropods (i.e., meat-eating dinosaurs) of its middle Cretaceous habitat, such as (possibly) Baryonyx and Eotyrannus. We also know that Hypsilophodon was closely related to Valdosaurus, another small ornithopod discovered on Englands Isle of Wight. Because it was discovered so early in the history of paleontology, Hypsilophodon is a case study in confusion. (Even this dinosaurs name is widely misunderstood: it technically means Hypsilophus-toothed, after a genus of modern lizard, in the same way that Iguanodon means Iguana-toothed, back when naturalists thought it actually resembled an iguana.) The fact is that it took decades for early paleontologists to reconstruct the ornithopod family tree, to which Hypsilophodon belongs, and even today ornithopods as a whole are virtually ignored by the general public, which prefers terrrifying meat-eating dinosaurs like Tyrannosaurus Rex or gigantic sauropods like Diplodocus.