The Procedural Law And Criminal Justice - 2979 Words

In its quest for a just and fair trial of an accused, CJS in India not only guarantees certain safeguards to, and confers a set of rights — constitutional and statutory - on an accused but also rigorously implements, with utmost zeal for reformation and re-socialisation of offenders, its penal system. However, it does not exhibit its equal concern to victims of crime when it comes to re-compensating them for the loss incurred or physical, mental or emotional `injury sustained by them. There is neither a comprehensive legislation nor a well-designed statutory scheme or a policy statement in India either allowing a crime victim to seek compensation from offender and/or State or to participate. as a matter of right, in the CJDS and†¦show more content†¦3.1.1 Compensating victims of crime: Existing legislative spirit and scheme A careful glance at the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC), reveals a legislative scheme, though fragmentary, for compensating victims of crime. It, by virtue of provisions of Sections 357, 421 and 431 contained therein, empowers a criminal court, at its discretion, to award compensation to a victim of crime as well as to recover it and pay it to him. The Probation of Offenders Act, 1958 (POA), by virtue of provisions contained in its Section 5, also enables a trial court, though at its discretion, to compensate a person for loss or injury caused to him by commission of the offence and costs of the proceedings. In other words, the victim compensatory legislative scheme in India is, thus, constituted by the provisions of Sections 357, 421 and 431 of the CrPC and of Section 5 of the POA. 3.1.1.1. The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 Section 357, CrPC, empowers a criminal court imposing a sentence of fine or a sentence (including a sentence of death) of which fine forms a part at in its discretion inter alia, to order payment of compensation, out of the fine recovered, to a person for any loss or injury caused to him by the offence. Sub-section (1) of Section 357 empowers a criminal Court to appropriate the whole or any portion of the fine recovered for the

Rap Music Controversy Free Essays

Since rap music made its way to the music scene, it has been a topic of much dispute and argument. Rap music controversy seems to continuously grow parallel to the popularity of the music itself. People have been taking sides on the issue on whether rap music is proper or not — or if it is even to be considered as music in the first place. We will write a custom essay sample on Rap Music Controversy or any similar topic only for you Order Now It all started smooth at first, the music was whimsical with a little funny scratching sound in the background.Hip-hop music with its rhymes and wonderful low-frequency beat is the music everybody dances to on the dance floor. Some elders say it’s only a trend, just the kids singing (and dancing) their heart out, nothing serious about it. However, music evolves as younger generations create a unique beat from time to time. It’s as if every generation tries to define their identity with the music they create. Suddenly, The Old Rap, which frolicked more on the rhythm than the lyrics, begins to emerge into a new form.The drumbeats resounded with cramming break beats, crazier scratchings, and the biggest controversy of all — content totally shifted. The lyrics morphed into nasty, violent, and scandalous words; moms and dads listen with contempt and swear not to let their kids get an ear for that kind of music, or noise, as they will probably call it. On the other hand, youngsters found rap appealing and they love jamming to it madly. Rap music controversy escalated when Gangsta Rap was introduced to the world. The lyrics of so many songs talk about killing with the sounds of gun shots in the background.This level of rap was criticized because of its graphic sexual content and its promotion of violence. Explicit lyrics include talks about drugs and women are referred to with derogatory adjectives. Rap continues to evoke a clash of ideas and concepts between critics, who say rap music glorifies violence, and artists who are claiming their freedom to express themselves and tell their story. The main criterion for rap music controversy is the explicit lyrics and how they influence young people’s way of life and speech.Rap so often talks about drugs, alcohol, and violence to be norms in life. Another reason why rap music controversy heated up is with the issue regarding women. Women are degraded in the lyrics, many people view rap as anti-female. Rap music is known to promote racism, violence, and contempt for women. Rap artists talk about rape, assault, and sexual harassment as though they are okay. Some people, however, argue that rap can provide listeners with valuable information. Not all rap music shows profanity or express contempt.There are some rap artists who do not use hate language on their lyrics. There are many positive messages coming from lyrics of certain rappers like Nas, Mos Def, Black Eyed Peas, The Streets, and many other artists who prefer to keep their music clean and appropriate for everybody’s ears. Rap music controversy sprouts from content. Hopefully in the coming years, artists will become more thoughtful and use mindful words. If this happens, everyone will be amused and the rap music controversy dispute will eventually end. How to cite Rap Music Controversy, Papers

Introduction to Managements

Question: Discuss about theManagement Issue. Answer: Summary of the article When it comes to coming to office with sickness, most of the people heed to follow the advice of the doctors to stay at home. Brooks (2014) says that it is better to encourage people to stay at home when fallen sick in place of coming to office that hampers the productivity of others. Nowadays, certain diseases like Flu and viral fever spreads with coming in contact with a sick person. Hence, the article provides an overview of management issues in dealing with sick employees and encourages the management to motivate unfit employees to go for a sick leave (Brooks, 2014). Identified Management Issue It has been found through survey that employees coming to office with sickness and unfocused minds are unproductive for an organisation than a person taking leave for his sickness. Hence, it can be seen that managing sick employees has been a major issue in the current business scenario. Taking sick leaves may increase the pressure over the present employees, but it reduces the chances of healthy employees to fall sick. Therefore, Coleman (2012) identifies management of sick employees as a major management issue in the current days (Coleman, 2012). Application of Management Theory Henry Fayols Classical Management Theory can be effectively prescribed to solve such identified management issues. Classical Management Theory has put the emphasis on the overall structure of the workforce and provides critical decision-making suitable for the organisations productivity (Smith and Boyns, 2015). In the case of management issues such as controlling the attendance of sick employees, managers can identify the benefits of the theory to encourage the sick human resources to stay at home. The Classical Management Theory has provided authority, discipline and unity of direction to control the overall productivity of an organisation. By applying the authorised right, managers should ask sick employees to take leave so that other employees job and health will not be affected. Also, such informal agreements with the sick staffs must be encouraged so that sick staffs will understand the benefits of staying at home in case of health issues (Bush, 2015). Thus, the theory can provi de the solution to the issue without any inconvenience. References Brooks, C. (2014).Sick Workers Getting Better at Staying Home. [online] Business News Daily. Bush, T. (2015). Understanding instructional leadership.Educational Management Administration Leadership, 43(4), pp.487-489. Coleman, M. (2012). Leadership and Diversity.Educational Management Administration Leadership, 40(5), pp.592-609. Smith, I. and Boyns, T. (2015). British management theory and practice: the impact of Fayol.Management Decision, 43(10), pp.1317-1334.

Stanley Kowalski Essay Example

Stanley Kowalski Paper During the late nineteen-forties, it was common for playwrights such as Tennessee Williams to use symbolism as an approach to convey personal thoughts, through the attitudes of the characters and the setting. Williams actors have used symbolism to disguise the actuality of their thoughts and to accommodate the needs of their conservative audience. A Streetcar Named Desire has a few complicated character traits and themes. Therefore, they have to be symbolised using figures or images to express abstract and mystical ideas, so that the viewers can remain clueless. Williams not only depicts a clear personality of the actors but he also includes real-life public opinions from the past (some of which are contemporary. ) These opinions were likely to raise controversies on issues such as prejudice, social gender expectations and men and womens roles in society. There have been numerous occasions when symbolism has taken place in A Streetcar Named Desire. Firstly, Stanley is insulted several times by Blanche (his sister-in-law) Stella (his beloved wife) and other residents of the Quarter. For example, the term animal has been constantly spoken of, to define Stanleys malicious and ill-natured conduct. In scene four, Blanche tries to persuade her younger sister to go elsewhere and leave her husband. On page 163, she complains: Blanche: He acts like an animal, has an animals habits! Eats like one, talks like one! Theres even something sub-human something not quite to the stage of humanity yet! Yes, something ape-like about him there he is Stanley Kowalski Bearing the raw meat home from the kill in the jungle! We will write a custom essay sample on Stanley Kowalski specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Stanley Kowalski specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Stanley Kowalski specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Furthermore, when the play begins, Stanley enters the ground-floor apartment carrying a red stained package from a butchers. Stanley: Catch! Stella: What? Stanley: Meat! From these two brief extracts, the keynote is that the red meat is a symbol used to show Stanleys bestial attitude, which is also in another of Blanches dialogues: Blanche: Theres something downright bestial about him! The image Blanche creates of Stanley (him being an animal an ape) is coincidental to the fact that she is actually describing her brother-in-law, throwing red meat to his wife in an unacceptable fashion. We know that Blanche had not been present, at the time of the event. This clearly proves that Stanleys bad actions are so obvious, even other characters in the play can predict his actions. It is just like saying a tiger arrives at his habitat with red meat and feeds his cubs, similar to what any other animal would do. Basically, Stanley tossing the pack of meat at his wife could symbolise that he is not a normal human being! He is an animal, a caveman, or even a madman, as Blanche prefers calling him! (Page 158) Blanche: In my opinion? Youre married to a madman! However, the red-stained package might mean something completely different. Perhaps the playwright is symbolising a new entry; trying to describe an early impression of Stanley. The colour red could suggest a hot, passionate and sexy character, who does not care about manners as long as sex and women are always there for him. On the other hand, maybe the word stained is telling us that Stanley is dirty. Package may mean an arrival. Altogether, the red-stained package could mean the arrival of a disgusting but good-looking man. Many interpretations have been given here and symbolism depends on what the audience believes it be. The use of animalistic symbols is repeated, just as Blanche arrives at Elysian Fields. We are given an early suspicion of her unusual and strange sense in clothing. Narrator: Her delicate beauty must avoid a strong light. There is something about her uncertain manner, as well as her white clothes, that suggests a moth. Mentioning the light, we know that Blanche is a fragile and sensitive young lady. Another hint is that she has a fear for strong light; something which will shine over the truth and reveal it to all. The Chinese lantern is an important symbol, which Blanche uses to cover up her appearance. Actually, the playwright uses it to show secrecy and that Blanche is hiding from the outside world. The fact that Blanche is wearing white clothes tells us that she wants a fresh start, because the colour white symbolises purity. Virginity for a woman is just as important. It should be saved for the right man at the right time, which followed the conventions of the period the play was written in. Here we have two contradictory facts which, if combined, could mean the same thing; by wearing such a genuine and formal outfit, Blanche could be trying to fool her audience into thinking that she is untainted a virgin. In other words, she may want to wipe out her past and start fresh. An unlikely (though possible) prediction to the phrase, suggests a moth, could be the alliteration between the words myth and moth. On one side of the story, the playwright may be experimenting with a butterfly-like creature, demonstrating an innocent Blanche to the audience. Opposed to this, he might be giving signs that her white clothes (virginity) suggest there were myths (stories) at one time, concerning Blanche. We will never know for definite, what Williams is really trying to transmit, though he is definitely sending some sort of a hidden message here! We discover the truth in scene four. Sexuality is a huge theme in this play, yet to discuss. Another major symbol used by Williams, is the streetcar the title of the play, itself. While Blanche confronts Stella about the previous night (the poker night), she explains to her enthusiastically that the relationship Stella has with Stanley, is merely infatuation. There is a constant repetition of Blanches hatred and disgust for Stanley, throughout the script. Blanche: What you are talking about is brutal desire just Desire! the name of that rattle-trap street-car that bangs through the Quarter, up one old narrow street and down another Stella: Havent you ever ridden on that street-car? Blanche: It brought me here where Im not wanted and where Im ashamed to be In this selection the rattle-trap streetcar named Desire, might represent Stanley, while the Quarter may represent Stella. In my opinion, Blanche is really implying that Stanley is the typical, careless husband who has most probably slept with (bangs) many young ladies (up one old narrow street and down another. ) He has had many one-night-stands and, informally, could be called a player! This is a term used in modern day English, but during the nineteen-forties, the alternative would be a rogue. Another suggestion to the quote, up one old narrow street and down another, could be the description of the movement made, whilst practising sexual intercourse as we know this is done in and out or up and down! Following Blanches quotation, Stella retorts a defensive question, actually referring to the streetcar named Desire, which Blanche has just described. She may be trying to allude to the fact that Blanche had once been in the same shoes as her riding on the same streetcar and having a desire for sex and man. Of course, this does not mean having had a number of intimacies with strangers. To Stella, Stanley and only Stanley, is one important man in her life. Stella could also be referring to Blanches virginity. After reading this page again, I have had second thoughts. I am still unsure, as this extract is very ambiguous. Personally, I think Stella is asking her elder sister whether or not she is a virgin but then again, this is subject to the audience and what choices they might make over the speech. Ironically, the audience may even interpret this speech to be an indication of the fact that Blanches history involved prostitution and she had had plenty of affairs with various men. This information is fully discovered later, but at this early stage, Williams uses a phallic symbol to signal the theme of sexuality. The streetcar also personifies the following understandings: Reproductive power, by symbolically and indirectly relating to a phallus. The statement bangs through the Quarter can be used to describe both the phallus and the streetcar. * Men were superior to women, during the mid-twentieth century. The evidence is in the speech because men could obviously do anything they wished, when they wished; go up and down whenever they liked, even make good use of their Quarters! By saying this, I would like to point out that Stanley always had the upper hand to Stella. He was very convincing and managed to win over Blanche, to persuade his own wife. The rape scene can also be associated with superiority. Stanley used Blanches body to prove that she was a liar, a cheater and had gone insane. He also saw women with sexual classifications and judged them, depending on their appearance; we are told on page 128. Therefore, it is a fact that men were superior to women, and they could fulfil any of their desires! Finally, when Blanche answers her sisters question, she is taking it literally (referring to the real streetcar, which brought her to Elysian Fields. ) That is how it would seem to a new audience. This is a fine example of symbolism. One who hears the dialogue in the highlighted selection (above) is likely to assume that Blanche is talking about the real streetcar, on which she travelled to arrive at her destination. Truthfully, I think Blanche is implying that sex was what made her come to Elysian Fields. She is declaring that because of sex, she has had to suffer through all those problems. Blanche has obviously grasped the significance of her past mistakes, repented them and known what is right and wrong. It is interesting to notice how one, short piece of text can be so symbolic and how easily it can be misunderstood! The first time I read the play I did not observe all these ideas. Nevertheless, after reading the script repeatedly, I realised that every single word Williams had entered had been deliberately done, to represent some things of his time. One of the reasons for doing this could be because it was a crime just to say the word sex, or anything related to that subject. Instead, playwrights suggested these ideas by using symbols, as what this essay is all about. Progressing to the sound of music and instrumental signs, Streetcar includes two very significant symbols that are linked with crucial themes such as sexuality and madness. The hot trumpets and the blue piano are constantly heard during short periods of tension and when Blanche experiences insanity! Williams has introduced the blue piano in scene one. The first page of the script tells us that it expresses the spirit of life which goes on here referring to a part of New Orleans (Elysian Fields. ) On certain occasions, the polka tune was also played. For instance, at the end of scene one, Stanley raises doubts about whether or not Blanche is married. This reminds Blanche of her horrific past and how her young husband had died. It creates tension and if, as an audience, we were to view the stage drama, it would build a large amount of suspense. The reason for this is that straight after the polka music plays, Blanche claims that she is going to be sick! From this, we know that Blanche is in a bad state and wants to forget. Returning to the sound of the polka tune, I would like to add that music in general life, can have quite an effect on its listeners. Polka music was played for a lively nineteenth-century dance. Here, it has been used to keep the viewers focused and to grab their attention on the story line. In the following fragment, Blanche and Stanley are deep in conversation.

The eNotes Blog Unpublished Novel by Pearl S. Buck Found in Texas StorageUnit

Unpublished Novel by Pearl S. Buck Found in Texas StorageUnit I live for stories like this. My children are regularly subjected to garage and estate sales.   They tap their feet and emit long, angsty, teenage sighs as I go through ancient, musty-smelling boxes, looking and hoping for such a gem. It happened to  someone.  After forty years, an unpublished manuscript by Pearl S. Buck  has been discovered in a Texas storage unit.   The New York Times  reports that the manuscript was returned to Bucks family for a small fee.   How the manuscript came to be in Texas is a mystery;   Buck, a West Virigina native,   never lived in Texas, nor did she have family in Texas. Although Bucks best-known work today is  The Good Earth, in the early twentieth century, many of her other works were widely read. A prolific author, Buck wrote dozens of novels, works of non-fiction, and short stories. In 1938, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, the first woman upon which the honor was bestowed. The new novel titled  Ã‚  The Eternal Wonder  is described as â€Å"the coming-of-age story of Randolph Colfax, an extraordinarily gifted young man whose search for meaning and purpose leads him to New York, England, Paris and on a mission patrolling the DMZ in Korea that will change his life forever - and, ultimately, to love.† The publisher,  Open Road Integrated Media,  says the novel will be released on October 22, 2013, in both paperback and eBook formats.

The Influence of Marginalist Revolution in the Economy History Essay

The Influence of Marginalist Revolution in the Economy History - Essay Example (p. 14) As it was mentioned by one of the trendsetters of the movement, William Stanley Jevons: "The theory in question has in fact been independently discovered three or four times over and must be true" (cited in Hutchison, 1978). Let's name one more reason which would be grounded on the practical basis as developing of the viewing of the phenomenon of marginalist revolution provides us with an abundant source of theoretical assumptions which may be of great help while inciting up-to-date serves which are considered obscured or slighted by modern theory (Mirowski, 1988, p. 19). Moreover any uncertainty or confusion over the origins and results of marginalist revolution would give rise possible grave misunderstandings in its description and overviewing. Therefore, to try to explain the origin of the marginal utility revolution in the 1870's is doomed to failure: it was not a marginal utility revolution; it was not an abrupt change, but only a gradual transformation in which the old ideas were never definitively rejected; and it did not happen in the 1870s (Blaug, 1978, p. 322). Some authors challenge that there was any consolidated and deliberate movement. "In its stead, it portrays a haphazard and fragmented agglomeration of economic theorists, whose only common denominators were the twin notions of diminishing marginal utility and utility-determined prices"(Bowley 1973, p. 44). Moreover Bowley stated that none of the notions was especially new in the 1870s, we and may conclude that there was no interruption in the economic concepts of that time and the economic theory has realized one uninterrupted discipline from those time until nowadays (Bowley 1973, p. 49). Thus with the aim of proper investigation of the topic let's determine key fundamentals of marginalism. Briefly speaking it is the theory that determined economic value as a derivation from marginal utility and marginal cost which are considered to be basic marginal concepts. Through the prism of marginalism the most essential thing for the process of decision-making is "the marginal or last unit of consumption or production" (Hutchison, 1978, p. 91). For instance, one car is very helpful for everyday life. An additional car might become helpful if the first one is being repaired or for spares, but it is not as helpful as the first one. The third car has less utility than the previous two cars. Taking into consideration the price of cars, we may claim that many people are not inclined to own three cars as the benefit they are going to receive on the third automobile would be unlikely to go beyond the price (Verdon, 1996, p. 201). William Stanley Jevons from England, Carl Menger from Austria and Leon Walras from Switzerland singly formed the idea of marginal utility nearly in 1870. While discussing who of those three experts had taken the leading place in formulating the theory, Jevons' counterpart found a work of Prussian economist H. H. Gossen (Howey, 1960, p. 7). Gossen was considered as the initial author, and his work was restated using less mathematical methods in order to make it more comprehensible to the public. His relations between value in exchange and marginal utility

Article review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Review - Article Example Therefore, undercover economies are new fundamental principles that are used to explain the modern economy using familiar economic circumstances to explain unfamiliar economic circumstances. Tim Harford is the think tank behind this economic revolution. In his contributions, he revealed that the games of negotiations and signals, battles of wits, and contests of strengths as the driving powers behind undercover economic concept. Additionally, the undercover economic revelation can be applied in all levels of the economies including making a choice in an individual’s daily life (Chapin 01). Notably, the La Vie en Rose CEO never hesitated to try a new concept to his business. In opting trying this newly found concept, CEO Franà §ois Roberge note that in order to achieve in his new venture, he needed to apply the ideals principles of management theories. He was saying, â€Å"If you don’t try, there’s no evolution. My concept of retail is†¦ if you don’t move, you die† (Chapin 01). These concepts congregate organizational or business activities thereby bring workforce together with the aim of accomplishing business objectives and goal s using available resources. Roberge conciliated his management force towards the venture of newly found opportunity. However, Roberge needed deep understanding of the concepts of management theories to implement his idea towards enhancing his organizational or business productivity and service quality along the same line. Most of the management theories or concepts are used cumulatively in implementing strategies within a workplace. However, a workplace, workforce, and the purpose of the work often determine the combination of the management theories or concept combination. System theory, contingency theory, and chaos theory are the mostly known management theories. These theories are quite vital for Roberge since he needed to venture in different business market and deal with different